Katharina von Medici
Königin von Frankreich, 1519-1589
Caterina de’ Medici entstammte der einflussreichen florentinischen Familie der Medici. Sie war durch Heirat mit Heinrich II. ab 1547 Königin von Frankreich und später auch Regentin für ihre minderjährigen Söhne. Bekannt wurde sie unter anderem durch ihren Befehl, in der sogenannten Bartholomäusnacht tausende Hugenotten zu ermorden. In der Folge kam es in Frankreich zu Pogromen gegen Protestanten.
来源: Wikipedia
Queen of France, wife of King Henry II of France (1519-1589). Schriftstück mit eigenh. Unterschrift „Caterine“. Paris. Quer-Folio. Pergament.
$ 3,736 / 3.500 €
(81828)
Am Rand von Chanteceau und Delafontaine gegengezeichnet. Genehmigung einer Transaktion zwischen Pierre de Gondy, Bischof von Paris, Berater des Königs und Superintendenten, und Anthoine Nicolay, ebenfalls Beraterin, erster Präsident der Rechnungskammer einerseits, und Claude Guerin, Knappe, Lord von La Pointe the andere.
Queen of France, wife of King Henry II of France (1519-1589). Letter signed ("Caterine"). Paris. Folio. ½ p. With ms. address.
$ 4,803 / 4.500 €
(86127/BN57038)
To the banker and courtier Horatio Rucellai (ca. 1530-1605), expressing her wish that he return to Paris as quickly as possible and pleading him "not to believe a thing of what has been told" to him, should he have "heard that his assignations of the debt of Lyon have been altered", underlining that the King has no intention of changing anything: "Je vous prie vous en venir le plustost et dilligemmens q[ue] vous pourriez. Et pour ce q[ue] vous pourriez avoir entendu que l’on ayt changé quelque chose en vos assignations sur la creance de Lyon Je vous prie n’en croire rien de tout ce q[ue] l’on vous en dira car il n’en est rien comme vous congnoistrez quant vous serez arrivé car vous trouverez toutes choses en leur entier pour vre regard, et le Roy monsieur mon filz en bonne disposition de ny rien changer [...]”.
- Horatio Rucellai was of Florentine origin but had left the city in conflict with the ruling Medicis. In Lyon he established a successful bank and provided a financial lifeline to the crown during the First French War of Religion in 1562/63, though Catherine de' Medici was forced to pledge parts of the crown jewels to him. Rucellai's apparent claim on liabilities of the city of Lyon is certainly connected to his role as creditor of the French crown. In 1581, Rucellai leased the salt tax (gabelle) and achieved a reduction in order to minimize fraud. From 1587, Rucellai served in the court of Ferdinando I de' Medici. As a former courtier of Catherine's, Rucellai was charged with the negotiations for Ferdinando's marriage with Catherine's favourite granddaughter Christina of Lorraine, achieved in 1589. - Counter-signed by "Chantereau". Some foxing, minor water damage and two deeper tears to the lower margin..
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Autograph letter signed ("Caterine").
Autograph ist nicht mehr verfügbar
Fine, long letter to Sébastien de L'Aubespine (1518-1582), bishop of Limoges, her ambassador to the Spanish court (though actually written for the benefit of her son-in-law, King Philip II, and his wife, her daughter Elisabeth de Valois), defending herself against the accusation of having converted to Protestantism. She asserts that she will stay what she has been the first 43 years of her life - a Catholic, not a liar or hypocrite: "Monsieur de Limoge je byen voleu que tous ses signeurs aycripse au Roy despagne de la fason que je souis pour respet de la religion non pour temoignage se que je veulle ni devant dieu ni les hommes de ma fouys ni bonnes heuvres mes pour reguart de manterie que lons ha distes de moy et le calonnie que lon ma donnees. car set lons ha mande auparavent aultre chause que set que lon fayst asteure lons ha manti car je nay change ni en nefayst ni en volante ni en fason de vivre ma religion qui lya quarante et troys hans anuit que je tiens et hye aysté batisee et nourie et je ne se si tout le monde en peult dire aultent et set je an suis marrye ne san fault aybayr car set mansonge deure trop lontemps pour ne san facher a la fin et prinsipalement quant lon se sent la consiense neste y fayst byen mal que seus qui ne lon pas tent en parler et hardiment. monstre sete letre au duc dalbe et au Roy monsieur mon fils car ie ne voldres qui pansaset que jeuse mandie heun temoynage pour nestre alaye toutte ma vye le droyt chemin mes je lay fayst pour ne povoyr plus endeurer que lon me preste de cherite et que sela ferme la bouche a seus que disi ennavent san voldrest encore ayder et metre tousiour pouine de me aylongner de la bonne grase du Roy monsieur mon fils que je tien plus chere que ma propre vie. pourse aseure me sybien avent que partyes que neul naye puisanse de my demineuer et diste alla Royne ma fille que sele veult fayre chause pour me fayre vivray contente quellay mi y entertyene et lui fase tousiour bon pour moy que je ne sere jeames que set que je ayste jeuques ysi qui est cretiene catolyque et poynt manterese ni desimeuleuse et qui le truvere tous iour ynsin [...]." The notion that Catherine had supposedly rejected Catholicism may be due to the two edicts she issued for her under-age son Henry III in July 1561 and January 1562, probably under the influence of the moderate chancellor Michel de l'Hopital. The former repealed the death sentence for heresy; the latter - the Edict of Saint-Germain - granted Huguenots private worship outside of towns. Meanwhile, Francis, Duke of Guise, butchered some 80 Huguenot worshippers in the Massacre of Vassy, prompting the first of the French Wars of Religion. The politically talented and ruthless Catherine first attempted to maneuver a middle course between Protestants and Catholics in order to strengthen royal dominion. Only after the so-called "Surprise de Meaux" (1567), during which Louis de Bourbon tried to arrest Charles IX and the royal family, did she entirely abandon compromise for repression. Her pragmatic approach is underlined by the fact that the offered the Huguenot Henri de Navarre her daughter's hand in marriage. While today some historians argue that the order for the 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre did not come from her, there is no reason to believe she was not party to the decision when on 23 August Charles IX ordered, "Then kill them all!" - Note of receipt by L'Aubespine at the bottom: "Lettre de de la Royne a Mr de lymoges du 16 davril 1562. Je la monstra au Roy et au duc dalve [...]". - Left edge remargined (slight clipping; no loss to text); traces of mounting. From the Geneva collection of J. P. Barbier-Mueller.
Auograph letter signed ("Catrina").
Autograph ist nicht mehr verfügbar
To Monsieur de Fourquevalux, explaining that the king is travelling and therefore unable to answer his letter. - Edges chipped and cut where opened, folds, browned.